Although clinical trials sustain the folk topical application of Symphytum species in musculoskeletal and blunt injuries, with minor adverse effects, its antimicrobial potency was still poorly investigated. In fact, there is increasing consumption of over-the-counter drugs, which when associated with conventional drugs can cause serious and even fatal adverse events.
Not less important to highlight are the risks associated with its use. The pharmacological effects of the Symphytum species are attributed to several chemical compounds, among them allantoin, phenolic compounds, glycopeptides, polysaccharides and some toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. All articles were carefully analyzed by the authors to assess their strengths and weaknesses, and to select the most useful ones for the purpose of review, prioritizing articles published from 1956 to 2018. The present review was carried out by consulting PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Science Direct and Google Scholar (as a search engine) databases to retrieve the most updated articles on this topic.
The present review aims at summarizing the main data on the therapeutic indications of the Symphytum species based on the current evidence, also emphasizing data on both the efficacy and adverse effects.
Considering the innumerable potentialities of the Symphytum species and their widespread use in the world, it is extremely important to provide data compiling the available literature to identify the areas of intense research and the main gaps in order to design future studies.
#SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE 200C SIDE EFFECTS SKIN#
Symphytum species belongs to the Boraginaceae family and have been used for centuries for bone breakages, sprains and rheumatism, liver problems, gastritis, ulcers, skin problems, joint pain and contusions, wounds, gout, hematomas and thrombophlebitis. The active groups each had 2 participants who had temporary and minor adverse reactions of skin rash and itching, which were rapidly resolved by modifying applications.īoth active topical comfrey formulations were effective in relieving pain and stiffness and in improving physical functioning and were superior to placebo in those with primary osteoarthritis of the knee without serious adverse effects. 01), confirming that the 10% and 20% comfrey-based creams were superior to the reference cream. Repeated-measures analyses of variance yielded significant differences in all of the Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index categories (pain P <. Participants applied the cream 3× a day for 6 weeks and were evaluated every 2 weeks during the treatment. Outcomes of pain, stiffness, and functioning were done on the Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. The subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: 10% or 20% comfrey root extract (Symphytum officinale L.) or a placebo cream. The person usually wants to remain completely still and not be touched or interfered with.Ĭalcarea phosphorica helps in the consolidation of bone fractures, once they have been correctly set.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 2 concentrations of topical, comfrey-based botanical creams containing a blend of tannic acid and eucalyptus to a eucalyptus reference cream on pain, stiffness, and physical functioning in those with primary osteoarthritis of the knee.įorty-three male and female subjects (45-83 years old) with diagnosed primary osteoarthritis of the knee who met the inclusion criteria were entered into the study. This remedy may help to bring relief if excruciating pain results from even the slightest motion.
This accelerates the formation of callus and relieves the pain from the bone trauma. This remedy is also helpful in many cases when pain persists after treatment with Arnica. Ruta is also indicated when the pain around a fracture is extreme, and the person feels lame or weak. This remedy is known for its effect on bone-bruises and on injuries to the periosteum (the covering of the bones) both of these types of trauma are involved when a fracture of a bone occurs. If smashed fingertips or toes are severe enough to traumatize the bones, Hypericum can be a welcome form of pain relief. This remedy is very useful for crushing injuries to body areas that are well-supplied with nerves. This remedy is well-known for its use in flu and fever when the bones are extremely painful ( "as if broken") and is useful to relieve the deep or aching pain of actual broken bones. This remedy can be used during the first days following the break to decrease pain from swelling and trauma.